大(da)阪(おおさか、英語(yu): Osaka),即大(da)阪市,日本第(di)二(er)大(da)都(dou)市,日本三大(da)都(dou)市圈之(zhi)一的大(da)阪都(dou)市圈的中心城市。廣義(yi)上的“大(da)阪”可以(yi)指日本近(jin)畿地(di)方(關西地(di)方),或(huo)與以(yi)大(da)阪市作為府廳所在地(di)的大(da)阪府,也指以(yi)大(da)阪市為中心的大(da)阪都(dou)市圈(也稱(cheng)近(jin)畿地(di)方,近(jin)畿圈等)。
線路分類: [城市風光]
景點地點: 國際 東亞(ya) 日本
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中文名稱大(da)阪(ban)外文名稱大(da)阪(ban)、おおさか、ōsaka所屬地(di)區日本近畿地(di)方(關西地(di)方)政府駐(zhu)地(di)大(da)阪(ban)府大(da)阪(ban)市中央(yang)區大(da)手前二丁目1番22號方言日語(yu)-關西方言著名景點、、、、、等都市(shi)圈。
地名由來
蓮如以后,大坂的讀音為「おおざか」。江(jiang)戶(hu)時代,商人遇到(dao)海難,漂(piao)流到(dao)俄羅斯帝國,俄羅斯人將發(fa)音聽成(cheng)為(wei)「ウザカ」并(bing)流傳(chuan)開來。也(ye)有(you)說法是(shi)因為(wei)以前大阪站(zhan)的工作人員將「おさか」的發(fa)音延(yan)遲讀作「おーさか」,才慢慢流傳(chuan)為(wei)「おおさか」這種讀音。
歷史沿革
古代
大阪(ban)城
大阪市歷史悠久,在森之宮附近發現的遺跡證明大阪自繩(sheng)文時(shi)代(dai)中期就開始有人居住。古墳時(shi)代(dai)時(shi),大阪地(di)區因河(he)內湖的湖水淡(dan)化變得(de)適合耕作(zuo)。加上臨海的地(di)理環境使得(de)大阪成為(wei)貿易港口。直(zhi)到(dao)794年,遷都平(ping)安京,難波京亦完(wan)全失去政(zheng)治(zhi)中心的地(di)位。但大阪仍(reng)擁有(you)和(he)住(zhu)吉大社(she)等宗教(jiao)建筑和(he)港口(kou),是當時近幾地區(qu)較(jiao)為重(zhong)要的都市。
中世
在戰(zhan)國(guo)時期,大阪是(shi)兵家必爭之(zhi)地。1570年開始,和石山本愿(yuan)(yuan)寺之(zhi)間(jian)爆發了長(chang)達10年(nian)的石山合戰(zhan),最后兩(liang)者講和,信(xin)長(chang)退出(chu)本愿(yuan)(yuan)寺。不過信(xin)長(chang)在退出(chu)本愿(yuan)(yuan)寺之(zhi)前燒毀了本愿(yuan)(yuan)寺的建筑。
近世
1868年,大阪正(zheng)式開港(gang),并在川口地區設舊川口居留地供外國人居住(zhu)。外國人帶來西洋的最新文化,使得大阪開始進(jin)入(ru)近代時(shi)期。
近現代
1956年,大阪(ban)市成為首批政令指定都市之(zhi)一。
行政區劃
行政區(qu)劃
區名 | 成立年份(fen) | 編號 |
面積
(平(ping)方公里)
|
---|---|---|---|
都島區 | 1943年4月1日 | 27102 | 6.05 |
1943年4月1日 | 27103 | 4.67 | |
1925年4月1日 | 27104 | 16.94 | |
1889年4月1日(ri) | 27106 | 5.20 | |
1925年4月1日 | 27107 | 7.90 | |
1932年4月1日 | 27108 | 9.43 | |
1925年4月(yue)1日 | 27109 | 4.80 | |
1925年4月(yue)1日 | 27111 | 4.37 | |
1925年4月1日 | 27113 | 14.23 | |
1925年4月1日 | 27114 | 13.25 | |
東成區 | 1925年4月1日 | 27115 | 4.55 |
1943年4月1日 | 27116 | 8.38 | |
1932年4月1日 | 27117 | 6.30 | |
1943年4月1日 | 27118 | 8.42 | |
阿倍野(ye)區 | 1943年4月1日 | 27119 | 5.99 |
1925年4月1日(ri) | 27120 | 9.34 | |
1943年(nian)4月1日 | 27121 | 9.75 | |
1925年4月1日(ri) | 27122 | 7.35 | |
1974年7月22日 | 27123 | 12.64 | |
1974年7月22日 | 27124 | 8.16 | |
1974年(nian)7月22日(ri) | 27125 | 20.77 | |
1974年7月(yue)22日 | 27126 | 15.30 | |
1989年2月13日(ri) | 27127 | 10.33 | |
1989年7月22日(ri) | 27128 | 8.88 |
地形地貌
大阪(ban)市區大部
大(da)阪
分面(mian)積(ji)(ji)位(wei)于大阪(ban)(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原上(shang)。大阪(ban)(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原是一座沖積(ji)(ji)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原,地勢平(ping)(ping)(ping)坦。在約(yue)8000至7000年前(qian)時,由于繩文(wen)海進導(dao)致水位(wei)高漲,大阪(ban)(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原曾位(wei)于海面(mian)之下,被稱為河(he)(he)內灣。隨著上(shang)町(ding)臺地北側的(de)沙嘴逐漸向(xiang)北延伸,至繩文(wen)時代中期,河(he)(he)內灣已演變(bian)為潟湖(hu)(hu),被稱為河(he)(he)內湖(hu)(hu)。進入古(gu)墳時代后(hou),由于河(he)(he)川運來(lai)的(de)土砂不斷堆(dui)積(ji)(ji),加上(shang)人工開發湖(hu)(hu)泊(bo)為耕地,河(he)(he)內湖(hu)(hu)已近乎消失,變(bian)為大阪(ban)(ban)(ban)平(ping)(ping)(ping)原。為了擴大陸地面積,大阪曾多次進行填海(hai)。大阪的(de)大規模填海(hai)開始于(yu)17世紀的(de)新田開發。大阪市(shi)區面積的(de)四分之一都來自(zi)于(yu)填海(hai)。大阪市(shi)沿海(hai)的(de)夢(meng)洲、舞洲、咲洲等島嶼也是由填海(hai)造陸而成的(de)人工島。
氣候
冬季(12月~2月),此間(jian)最低溫度(du)為2℃~5℃,最高溫度(du)8℃~12℃。適(shi)合欣賞冬景和(he)滑冰滑雪。
水文
大阪市的水系當中,以發(fa)源自,流(liu)經大阪市北部的(de)水(shui)(shui)(shui)量最多(duo)。憑借水(shui)(shui)(shui)運之便,淀川(chuan)(chuan)沿線曾經聚集眾多(duo)市(shi)場,是支撐大阪(ban)經濟的(de)大動脈(mo)。然而淀川(chuan)(chuan)也(ye)曾是一條洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)頻發的(de)河流(liu)。1885年的(de)淀川(chuan)(chuan)大洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)使(shi)得(de)明(ming)治政府決心在淀川(chuan)(chuan)北側開(kai)挖新淀川(chuan)(chuan),使(shi)得(de)淀川(chuan)(chuan)排水(shui)(shui)(shui)暢通,洪水(shui)(shui)(shui)次數也(ye)大幅減少(shao)。大阪(ban)市(shi)中心的(de)主要河流(liu)還有東(dong)橫(heng)堀川(chuan)(chuan)、道頓堀川(chuan)(chuan)、木津川(chuan)(chuan)、安治川(chuan)(chuan)等河流(liu)。
人口民族
人口
在(zai),大(da)阪和、并列(lie)為“三都(dou)(dou)”,是(shi)日(ri)本(ben)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)最多的(de)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)之一(yi)。據現在(zai)學者的(de)研究,1650年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)約22萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren);1750年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)約41萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1760年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數(shu)達(da)到(dao)(dao)江戶時(shi)(shi)代(dai)時(shi)(shi)的(de)頂(ding)峰,之后(hou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入減少(shao)。1850年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)有約33萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1889年(nian)(nian)(nian)大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)設市(shi)(shi)時(shi)(shi),有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)476271人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1920年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),隨著(zhu)市(shi)(shi)域擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)增加到(dao)(dao)2114804人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),超過東京成為日(ri)本(ben)最大(da)(da)(da)(da)都(dou)(dou)市(shi)(shi)。1940年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)325萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),達(da)到(dao)(dao)戰前(qian)最高(gao)值(zhi)。第二次(ci)世界大(da)(da)(da)(da)戰期(qi)間,由(you)于(yu)政府(fu)強制民眾(zhong)疏散至農(nong)村(cun)地區,大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)大(da)(da)(da)(da)幅減少(shao)。戰爭(zheng)結束時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)只有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)約110萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1955年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)市(shi)(shi)域再次(ci)擴(kuo)大(da)(da)(da)(da),加上戰后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)返回城市(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)回升到(dao)(dao)255萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。1965年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數(shu)達(da)到(dao)(dao)3156222人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren),是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)戰后(hou)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)最高(gao)值(zhi)。此后(hou)由(you)于(yu)郊(jiao)外化的(de)進展,大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)入減少(shao)。2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)的(de)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)減少(shao)到(dao)(dao)2598774人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。但是(shi)在(zai)2000年(nian)(nian)(nian)代(dai)之后(hou),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)府(fu)出現人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)重新往大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)(shi)內集中的(de)趨勢,人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)數(shu)開始回升。2014年(nian)(nian)(nian)11月(yue)時(shi)(shi),大(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)有人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)口(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)(kou)約268.7萬(wan)(wan)(wan)(wan)人(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)(ren)。
如(ru)果將以大阪(ban)為(wei)中心的京(jing)阪(ban)神(shen)大都(dou)市圈看(kan)做一個城市,人口約(yue)1877萬(wan)人,在日本僅次(ci)于以東京(jing)為(wei)中心的首都(dou)圈(約(yue)3680萬(wan))。
民族
日本的(de)民族構成比較(jiao)單一(yi),主要人口是,其(qi)他少量的有和以及定居。
政府議院
實施中選(xuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)制時,大(da)(da)(da)阪市被分為大(da)(da)(da)阪1區(qu)(qu)(qu)(擁(yong)有(you)3席議(yi)(yi)員(yuan))、大(da)(da)(da)阪2區(qu)(qu)(qu)(擁(yong)有(you)5席議(yi)(yi)員(yuan))、大(da)(da)(da)阪6區(qu)(qu)(qu)(擁(yong)有(you)3席議(yi)(yi)員(yuan))三個(ge)選(xuan)舉(ju)區(qu)(qu)(qu),共(gong)計擁(yong)有(you)11席國會議(yi)(yi)員(yuan)。眾議(yi)(yi)院選(xuan)舉(ju)改(gai)為小選(xuan)舉(ju)區(qu)(qu)(qu)制之后,大(da)(da)(da)阪市被分為大(da)(da)(da)阪1區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)阪2區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)阪3區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)阪4區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)阪5區(qu)(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)阪6區(qu)(qu)(qu)(亦包括和)六個選區。就得票情況和選舉結果來看,大阪1區、2區和4區屬于都會型選區,雖(sui)然的候選人(ren)在這(zhe)三個選區當選次數(shu)最多,但和的候(hou)選人也有(you)過當選記錄并取得一定(ding)支持。而在(zai)大阪3區(qu)(qu)(qu)、5區(qu)(qu)(qu)和6區(qu)(qu)(qu)有極強的(de)勢力,除了(le)2009年(nian)眾議(yi)院選(xuan)舉(ju)之外,2000年(nian)以來這三個(ge)選(xuan)區(qu)(qu)(qu)當選(xuan)議(yi)員均為公明黨候選(xuan)人。在(zai)選舉(ju)方面(mian),大阪市屬于(yu)大阪府(fu)選舉(ju)區,擁有8席參議院議員(yuan)席次。現在日本的主要(yao)政黨中(zhong),前身為的是發祥于大(da)(da)阪(ban)的(de)(de)政(zheng)黨(dang),并且也(ye)是日本(ben)(ben)主要政(zheng)黨(dang)中唯一(yi)一(yi)個(ge)總部位于大(da)(da)阪(ban)的(de)(de)政(zheng)黨(dang)。而(er)大(da)(da)阪(ban)也(ye)是日本(ben)(ben)維(wei)新(xin)會支持(chi)率較高的(de)(de)地區之(zhi)一(yi)。2014年眾議院選(xuan)舉時,日本(ben)(ben)維(wei)新(xin)會的(de)(de)候選(xuan)人在大(da)(da)阪(ban)市六(liu)個(ge)選(xuan)區中奪得一(yi)個(ge)選(xuan)區的(de)(de)議員席次(ci)(算入(ru)比例代表當(dang)選(xuan)議員的(de)(de)話則有兩人當(dang)選(xuan))。
對外關系
2018年10月2日,日本大阪(ban)市(shi)市(shi)長(chang)以市(shi)長(chang)名義向美國舊金(jin)(jin)山(shan)市(shi)市(shi)長(chang)致(zhi)函,通知解除友好城市(shi)關系。這是由于(yu)關于(yu)舊金(jin)(jin)山(shan)市(shi)接受象(xiang)征慰(wei)安婦問(wen)題(ti)少女像捐贈一事,舊金(jin)(jin)山(shan)市(shi)未就大阪(ban)市(shi)征詢其看法的(de)信函作出回答。
社會
教育
大(da)阪
和(he)日本其(qi)他大(da)(da)都市(shi)相比,大(da)(da)阪市(shi)是(shi)大(da)(da)學(xue)數量和(he)大(da)(da)學(xue)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口比例較少的(de)地(di)區。2009年(nian)時,在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)阪市(shi)的(de)大(da)(da)學(xue)和(he)短(duan)期大(da)(da)學(xue)就讀的(de)大(da)(da)學(xue)生(sheng)有約32000人(ren)(ren)(ren),人(ren)(ren)(ren)均大(da)(da)學(xue)數在(zai)(zai)政令指(zhi)定(ding)都市(shi)中位居倒數第四,人(ren)(ren)(ren)均大(da)(da)學(xue)生(sheng)人(ren)(ren)(ren)口數更是(shi)排名最后(hou)一位。大(da)(da)阪市(shi)內曾有眾多大(da)(da)學(xue),但由于大(da)(da)阪市(shi)區面積狹小(xiao),加上工場(chang)等制限(xian)(xian)法的(de)限(xian)(xian)制,眾多大(da)(da)學(xue)相繼搬(ban)遷至大(da)(da)阪市(shi)以外的(de)地(di)區。但仍有不少大(da)(da)學(xue)在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)阪市(shi)內設置衛(wei)星校(xiao)區。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市(shi)內(nei)有大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)教育大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)(天(tian)王(wang)寺校區)和(he)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市(shi)立(li)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)兩座(zuo)國公(gong)立(li)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),以及大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)經濟大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)工業大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)等私立(li)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue),共計擁有11所大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)。在發祥自大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)但(dan)現在搬遷(qian)至大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市(shi)郊外的大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)中,則是(shi)以大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)府立(li)大(da)(da)(da)學(xue)(xue)(xue)(xue)、關西大(da)(da)學規模較大(da)(da)。其中大(da)(da)阪大(da)(da)學名(ming)列日本(ben)本(ben)土的(de)七所(suo)舊(jiu)帝國(guo)大學之(zhi)列,現在(zai)仍是日本(ben)教學和研究水準(zhun)最高的(de)大學之(zhi)一。關西大學是具有知名(ming)度的(de)“”私(si)立大(da)學(xue)之一。在義務教育(yu)和中等(deng)教育(yu)方面,大(da)阪市(shi)現在有306所(suo)小(xiao)學(xue)、154所(suo)初中和94所(suo)高中。
設施
不僅環境和(he)建筑獨特、有趣,還有諸多立(li)體(ti)藝術(shu)品、壁畫(hua)等現代感很強的(de)藝術(shu)作(zuo)品。
建筑
雖然大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市擁有(you)(you)悠久的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)歷(li)(li)史(shi),然而由(you)于(yu)歷(li)(li)史(shi)上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)多次(ci)戰(zhan)亂和都市開發(fa),大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市保留的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)古代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)并不多。現在(zai)(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)著名傳統宗(zong)教建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)中(zhong),只有(you)(you)住吉(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)社本(ben)(ben)殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)明(ming)治時(shi)代(dai)(dai)之前。住吉(ji)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)社本(ben)(ben)殿(dian)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1810年(nian)(nian),被(bei)指定為(wei)日(ri)本(ben)(ben)國寶。本(ben)(ben)殿(dian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)風格被(bei)稱為(wei)“住吉(ji)造”,是神(shen)社建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)史(shi)上最古老的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)特殊様式。而大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)另一(yi)座代(dai)(dai)表性(xing)宗(zong)教建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)四天(tian)王寺在(zai)(zai)二戰(zhan)空襲中(zhong)被(bei)毀,現存(cun)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)則修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)戰(zhan)后時(shi)期(qi)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)城天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)是大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)地標,但(dan)現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)實(shi)際上是已經是第三(san)代(dai)(dai)天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)。豐(feng)臣政權時(shi)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)城天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1585年(nian)(nian),主色調為(wei)黑(hei)色,在(zai)(zai)1615年(nian)(nian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)夏之陣中(zhong)被(bei)毀。江(jiang)戶幕府時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)城天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)則修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1626年(nian)(nian),但(dan)在(zai)(zai)1665年(nian)(nian)被(bei)雷擊后燒毀。現在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)城天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)昭(zhao)和初期(qi),主色調和江(jiang)戶時(shi)代(dai)(dai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)相同(tong),都是白色,但(dan)也融合了豐(feng)臣時(shi)代(dai)(dai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)城天(tian)守(shou)閣(ge)(ge)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)特征。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)代(dai)(dai)表性(xing)近代(dai)(dai)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)則多修建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)時(shi)期(qi),知名作品有(you)(you)通(tong)天(tian)閣(ge)(ge)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市中(zhong)央公會堂(tang)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)瓦(wa)斯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓(日(ri)語:ダイビル)等建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。第一(yi)代(dai)(dai)通(tong)天(tian)閣(ge)(ge)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)于(yu)1912年(nian)(nian),高(gao)75米(mi),外形仿巴(ba)黎(li)埃菲爾鐵塔,是當時(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)最高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)建(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)(zhu)。但(dan)第一(yi)代(dai)(dai)通(tong)天(tian)閣(ge)(ge)在(zai)(zai)二戰(zhan)中(zhong)被(bei)拆毀。現(xian)在的(de)(de)通天閣則修建(jian)(jian)于(yu)1956年(nian)(nian)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市中(zhong)央公會堂為一座新文藝(yi)復興建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu),但亦融合了一些巴洛克式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)特(te)點,是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市西洋式建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)代(dai)表(biao)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)瓦斯大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓由建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)家安(an)井武雄設計,是(shi)日(ri)本著(zhu)名的(de)(de)裝飾風藝(yi)術建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓竣工于(yu)1925年(nian)(nian),是(shi)日(ri)本大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)正時期代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)辦公樓建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)。眾多(duo)的(de)(de)超高層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)則是(shi)今日(ri)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)的(de)(de)象征(zheng)。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)摩(mo)天大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓最密集的(de)(de)地(di)區是(shi)在西梅(mei)(mei)田的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)花園(yuan)城(cheng)。除了西梅(mei)(mei)田之外(wai),中(zhong)之島、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)商務園(yuan)也(ye)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)摩(mo)天大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓較多(duo)的(de)(de)地(di)區。2014年(nian)(nian),阿(a)倍野(ye)Harukas開業(ye),其高度(du)達到300米(mi),是(shi)現(xian)在日(ri)本最高的(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)樓。大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)市其他(ta)代(dai)表(biao)性(xing)的(de)(de)超高層(ceng)建(jian)(jian)筑(zhu)物還(huan)有大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)府(fu)咲(xiao)洲(zhou)廳舍、等(deng)大樓。
體育
棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)和(he)足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)最受歡迎(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)體(ti)育運動。現在(zai)日本職棒(bang)(bang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)中(zhong),歐力士野牛(niu)將(jiang)主(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)(chang)設在(zai)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)巨蛋,是(shi)(shi)(shi)唯(wei)一(yi)一(yi)支主(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)。另(ling)外阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神虎雖(sui)然主(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)場(chang)(chang)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)附近的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兵庫縣,但(dan)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)亦(yi)擁有(you)眾(zhong)多(duo)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)迷,和(he)歐力士野牛(niu)并為關西地區的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)兩大(da)(da)(da)職棒(bang)(bang)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)。在(zai)J聯賽中(zhong),大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)櫻(ying)花(hua)是(shi)(shi)(shi)唯(wei)一(yi)一(yi)支主(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)櫻(ying)花(hua)培養出香川真司(si)等日本知名的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)運動員,多(duo)次躋身聯賽排名前列,是(shi)(shi)(shi)J聯賽強隊(dui)之一(yi)。此外大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)飛腳雖(sui)然主(zhu)(zhu)場(chang)(chang)位(wei)(wei)于(yu)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)郊外的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吹田市(shi),但(dan)使用“大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)”作為球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)隊(dui)名稱,在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)亦(yi)有(you)眾(zhong)多(duo)支持者。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)櫻(ying)花(hua)和(he)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)飛腳之間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)比(bi)賽也被稱為大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)德比(bi)。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)也多(duo)次舉(ju)辦國(guo)際性體(ti)育賽事。2002年,大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)(shi)(shi)世界杯足球(qiu)(qiu)(qiu)賽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)會場(chang)(chang)之一(yi)。2007年,大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)舉(ju)辦了。
媒體
大阪和(he)東京并為日本媒體業的中心都市(shi),日本五大全國性報紙(zhi)中,(前身是(shi)大阪朝日(ri)新聞(wen))、(前身之(zhi)一是)和都是發祥(xiang)自大(da)阪(ban)。
交通
航空
大阪國際空港(gang)(伊丹空港(gang))(),関(guan)西國(guo)際空(kong)港(),關(guan)西國(guo)際空港(gang)建在海面(mian)上,是日本(ben)第一家24小時全(quan)天候運作(zuo)的國(guo)際機(ji)(ji)場。機(ji)(ji)場有多條(tiao)航線,飛往全(quan)國(guo)各城市和(he)各景(jing)點(dian),去(qu)大(da)阪(ban)的機(ji)(ji)票價格一般比較穩(wen)定。從大(da)阪(ban)關(guan)西國(guo)際機(ji)(ji)場至東京羽田機(ji)(ji)場需(xu)1小時15分(fen)鐘,關(guan)西國(guo)際機(ji)(ji)場至大(da)阪(ban)天王寺(si)需(xu)29分(fen)鐘。
鐵路
大阪有一套由(you)8條(tiao)線路總長153公里(不包(bao)括與私(si)鐵(tie)(tie)直通區(qu)(qu)間)的地鐵(tie)(tie)系統,由(you)大阪市交(jiao)通局(ju)運行。如將和私(si)鐵(tie)(tie)直通區(qu)(qu)間算在內,此系統的覆(fu)蓋面已到達奈良縣,接近京都府。
新(xin)干線是(shi)大阪市主要的(de)聯外(wai)交通手段(duan)之一。新(xin)大阪站(zhan)既是(shi)東海道(dao)新(xin)干線的(de)終(zhong)點,也是(shi)山陽新(xin)干線的(de)起點。市(shi)內鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)交通方面,北部的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)站(zhan)(zhan)-梅(mei)田站(zhan)(zhan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)和(he)(he)南(nan)部的(de)難波(bo)站(zhan)(zhan)地(di)區(qu)(qu)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)的(de)兩(liang)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)交通樞紐(niu)地(di)區(qu)(qu)。西(xi)(xi)日本(ben)旅客(ke)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道(JR西(xi)(xi)日本(ben))的(de)總部位于大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban),也(ye)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)公司。JR西(xi)(xi)日本(ben)的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)環狀線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)交通大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)動脈(mo),而(er)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)環狀線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、JR京都(dou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、JR神(shen)(shen)(shen)戶(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等(deng)主要(yao)(yao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu)匯集的(de)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)站(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)JR西(xi)(xi)日本(ben)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)客(ke)流量(liang)最(zui)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)的(de)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)。JR西(xi)(xi)日本(ben)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)其他鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)包括櫻島線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、JR寶(bao)冢線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、JR東(dong)西(xi)(xi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、片町(ding)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(學研(yan)都(dou)市(shi)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)東(dong)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、關西(xi)(xi)本(ben)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)和(he)(he)路(lu)(lu)(lu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian))、阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。關西(xi)(xi)五大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)私(si)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)公司均以大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)作為列(lie)車(che)(che)運行中心(xin)。梅(mei)田站(zhan)(zhan)是(shi)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道和(he)(he)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)的(de)樞紐(niu)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)。阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)(shen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)運營(ying)有阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)(shen)本(ben)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)(shen)難波(bo)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),主要(yao)(yao)服(fu)務(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)神(shen)(shen)(shen)戶(hu)之(zhi)間的(de)乘客(ke);阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)急電(dian)(dian)(dian)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)則運營(ying)有神(shen)(shen)(shen)戶(hu)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、寶(bao)冢線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、京都(dou)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、千里(li)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)四條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),覆蓋范圍包括阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)神(shen)(shen)(shen)間地(di)區(qu)(qu)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)府(fu)北部和(he)(he)京都(dou)府(fu)南(nan)部。京阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)據點是(shi)京橋站(zhan)(zhan),運營(ying)有京阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)本(ben)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)中之(zhi)島線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),主要(yao)(yao)服(fu)務(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)京都(dou)之(zhi)間的(de)乘客(ke)。難波(bo)站(zhan)(zhan)則是(shi)近畿日本(ben)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道和(he)(he)南(nan)海電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)樞紐(niu)車(che)(che)站(zhan)(zhan)。近畿日本(ben)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)擁有奈良(liang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南(nan)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)三條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),主要(yao)(yao)服(fu)務(wu)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)和(he)(he)奈良(liang)、東(dong)海地(di)方之(zhi)間的(de)乘客(ke)。南(nan)海電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)鐵(tie)(tie)(tie)(tie)道則在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)市(shi)擁有南(nan)海本(ben)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、高野線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),主要(yao)(yao)服(fu)務(wu)范圍是(shi)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)府(fu)南(nan)部和(he)(he)和(he)(he)歌山縣(xian)北部地(di)區(qu)(qu)。南(nan)海的(de)子公司阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)堺電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)(qi)軌道也(ye)在(zai)大(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)擁有阪(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)堺線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)和(he)(he)上(shang)町(ding)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)兩(liang)條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)(lu),是(shi)連接(jie)大(da)阪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)和堺市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)之間重要的(de)交(jiao)通方(fang)式。大(da)阪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)營地下(xia)鐵(tie)由(you)大(da)阪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)交(jiao)通局經營,是(shi)大(da)阪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)交(jiao)通大(da)動(dong)脈。現在大(da)阪市(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)營地下(xia)鐵(tie)包括了御堂(tang)筋(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、谷町線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、四橋線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、中(zhong)央線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、千(qian)日前(qian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、堺筋(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、長(chang)堀鶴見綠地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、南港(gang)港(gang)城線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、今里筋(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)九條線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)路,其中(zhong)以御堂(tang)筋(jin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)乘(cheng)客數最多。
港口
大(da)阪(ban)(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)位于大(da)阪(ban)(ban)市此花區(qu)、港(gang)(gang)(gang)區(qu)、大(da)正(zheng)區(qu)、住(zhu)之江區(qu)的(de)沿海一帶,是(shi)日本主要(yao)的(de)國際貿易港(gang)(gang)(gang)之一。大(da)阪(ban)(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)和(he)附(fu)近的(de)神(shen)戶港(gang)(gang)(gang)均(jun)被指定(ding)為(wei)超(chao)級中(zhong)樞港(gang)(gang)(gang)灣,在(zai)地理上大(da)阪(ban)(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)已和(he)附(fu)近的(de)神(shen)戶港(gang)(gang)(gang)、尼崎西(xi)宮蘆屋港(gang)(gang)(gang)、堺泉北港(gang)(gang)(gang)連為(wei)一體,這些港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)也被合稱為(wei)阪(ban)(ban)神(shen)港(gang)(gang)(gang)。大(da)阪(ban)(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)始建于明治時(shi)期(qi),在(zai)戰前就經歷(li)了多(duo)次擴(kuo)張。版權所有(you)山(shan)東聊(liao)城聊(liao)之旅(lv)國際旅(lv)行社有(you)限公司(si),轉(zhuan)載必(bi)究!1939年時(shi),大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)曾是(shi)當時(shi)日(ri)本(ben)最大(da)(da)(da)的貨物港(gang)(gang)(gang)。二戰(zhan)中雖然(ran)大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)嚴重受(shou)損,但戰(zhan)后很快復興,港(gang)(gang)(gang)口(kou)面積也通(tong)過填海等方式數次擴大(da)(da)(da)。2012年時(shi),大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)是(shi)日(ri)本(ben)第五大(da)(da)(da)貨物港(gang)(gang)(gang)和第四(si)大(da)(da)(da)外貿集裝(zhuang)箱港(gang)(gang)(gang)。2013年,大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)總共進(jin)出口(kou)貨物達(da)8,695萬(wan)噸(dun),處理(li)集裝(zhuang)箱數達(da)248.5萬(wan)TEU。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)也是(shi)一(yi)座重要(yao)的客運(yun)港(gang)(gang)(gang),有(you)眾多(duo)客輪自大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)出發前往(wang)日(ri)本(ben)西部和南部。大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)還擁有(you)日(ri)本(ben)最大(da)(da)(da)的客運(yun)碼頭,也有(you)不(bu)少郵(you)輪停(ting)靠大(da)(da)(da)阪(ban)港(gang)(gang)(gang)。
文化
方言
大(da)阪(ban)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)的發音(yin)特征有輔(fu)音(yin)發音(yin)較(jiao)弱(ruo)、元(yuan)音(yin)則發音(yin)較(jiao)強;較(jiao)多使用撥音(yin)(ん)等。由于(yu)大(da)阪(ban)文化(hua)發達,因此大(da)阪(ban)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)通過各類(lei)媒(mei)體傳播至日(ri)(ri)本全國,更對標準日(ri)(ri)語產生影響,顯示大(da)阪(ban)方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)是日(ri)(ri)語方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)中活力較(jiao)強的方(fang)(fang)言(yan)(yan)。
節慶
1月9至(zhi)11日,在浪速(su)區以(yi)及(ji)在(zai)關西等地的(de)(de)很多神(shen)(shen)(shen)社(she)(she)舉辦的(de)(de)財神(shen)(shen)(shen)節中(zhong),以(yi)今(jin)(jin)宮(gong)戎神(shen)(shen)(shen)社(she)(she)的(de)(de)規模(mo)尤為(wei)盛大,每年(nian)有(you)100萬香(xiang)客前(qian)來(lai)祈求生意(yi)(yi)興(xing)隆(long)和生活幸(xing)福。在(zai)這(zhe)一天,人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)買(mai)來(lai)幸(xing)運細(xi)竹(zhu),向掌管商(shang)業的(de)(de)財神(shen)(shen)(shen)(日(ri)(ri)語(yu)稱(cheng)“恵比(bi)(bi)壽”)祈求生意(yi)(yi)興(xing)隆(long)。在(zai)關西地區方(fang)言(yan)中(zhong)被人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)親切(qie)稱(cheng)之為(wei)“EBESSAN”的(de)(de)“恵比(bi)(bi)壽”既是商(shang)業之神(shen)(shen)(shen),也是漁業之神(shen)(shen)(shen)。財神(shen)(shen)(shen)節上(shang)代表買(mai)賣興(xing)隆(long)的(de)(de)飾物“福竹(zhu)”,人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)都喜(xi)歡把它帶回家(jia),“福竹(zhu)”上(shang)飾有(you)小(xiao)金幣、加吉(ji)魚、米袋等大量喜(xi)慶(qing)物品。10日(ri)(ri)當天為(wei)主(zhu)要節日(ri)(ri),前(qian)一天稱(cheng)為(wei)“宵戎”,后一天稱(cheng)為(wei)“殘福”。如今(jin)(jin)橫跨在(zai)道頓堀河上(shang)的(de)(de)著名的(de)(de)戎橋,就(jiu)是當初為(wei)了方(fang)便人(ren)(ren)們(men)(men)去今(jin)(jin)宮(gong)戎神(shen)(shen)(shen)社(she)(she)參拜(bai)而修筑的(de)(de)。
10日(ri)這天,要數“寶惠轎”游行隊伍最為盛大(da),轎上(shang)載(zai)乘著600多人,里(li)面(mian)有知名人士、藝人以(yi)及負責向游客派發吉祥物的(de)“福(fu)娘”等(deng)。要想(xiang)當(dang)(dang)上(shang)“福(fu)娘”,需從3000多名競爭者中(zhong)脫穎(ying)而(er)出(chu)。據說被(bei)選中(zhong)當(dang)(dang)上(shang)福(fu)娘,求婚者會絡繹不(bu)絕,所以(yi)它也成(cheng)為女孩子身份的(de)一(yi)種象征(zheng)。當(dang)(dang)日(ri)早(zao)7點,出(chu)售(shou)加(jia)吉魚的(de)“朝市”也要開市,因為在日(ri)本加(jia)吉魚是要在特殊(shu)日(ri)子里(li)品嘗的(de)“喜慶之魚”。此外(wai),寺院內還有鱗(lin)次櫛(zhi)比的(de)銷(xiao)售(shou)不(bu)倒翁、招財貓等(deng)幸運吉祥物的(de)商店。
活動
,古稱(cheng)素(su)舞,起源于中(zhong)(zhong)國的漢(han)代,由兩名(ming)大力士裸露上(shang)身,互相(xiang)角力。直至西元七世(shi)紀,在(zai)允恭天(tian)皇(huang)的葬禮上(shang)(西元四百五十(shi)三年),中(zhong)(zhong)國派遣(qian)特使到日(ri)(ri)本(ben)表演(yan)素(su)舞致意,被認為是中(zhong)(zhong)國相(xiang)撲(pu)首次傳入日(ri)(ri)本(ben),對日(ri)(ri)本(ben)原(yuan)有的相(xiang)撲(pu)造成一定(ding)影響。后來成為為日(ri)(ri)本(ben)的國技的日(ri)(ri)本(ben)的國際性的武術、格斗和體(ti)育運動(dong)。作為專業競技項目,在(zai)日(ri)(ri)本(ben)國內稱(cheng)作大相(xiang)撲(pu)。
旅游
位于大阪(ban)南部地區,始(shi)建(jian)于1912年(nian)明(ming)治時期(qi),曾以64米(mi)的高度成為(wei)當時東方(fang)各國最(zui)高的建(jian)筑(zhu)物,并被視(shi)為(wei)大阪(ban)的標(biao)志,外形模仿(fang)巴黎埃菲(fei)爾鐵塔(ta)。1943年(nian)突(tu)遭火災(zai)被毀后拆除(chu),1956年(nian)得以重建(jian),建(jian)筑(zhu)面積超過132000平方(fang)米(mi)。
日本民族集落博(bo)物(wu)館(National Museum of Japanese colony)位于服(fu)部綠地公(gong)園內的(de)(de)野外博(bo)物(wu)館內,以重要(yao)的(de)(de)有形民俗文化財產“飛(fei)殫(dan)白川民家(jia)”為首,共有十余(yu)棟民家(jia)由原(yuan)所在地移筑于此,包(bao)括信(xin)濃(nong)秋山(shan)民家(jia),以及(ji)日本近代(dai)家(jia)和大阪堂島等地的(de)(de)米藏(存米的(de)(de)倉庫)等,屋內展(zhan)示有各樣家(jia)具(ju)、生活用(yong)具(ju)。
名人
司馬遼太郎(lang)(1923~1996)日本(ben)作家。原名福(fu)田定(ding)一,生于大阪。1943年(nian)畢業于大阪外語學院--今(jin)外國語學院蒙語系,1946年(nian)入京(jing)都(dou)新(xin)(xin)(xin)日本新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞(wen)社,兩年(nian)后任產經新(xin)(xin)(xin)聞(wen)社記(ji)者,同時發表作品。版權所有山東聊城聊之旅(lv)國(guo)際旅(lv)行社有限(xian)公(gong)司,轉(zhuan)載必究!1961年開始專業作家的生活。司馬的小說(shuo)把歷史(shi)上(shang)推(tui)動(dong)生產力(li)向前發展的人物放(fang)在革(ge)新與守舊勢力(li)尖銳斗(dou)爭的環境中(zhong),從各方面來歌頌(song)他們的勵精圖(tu)治和文治武功(gong)。
NMB48,是(shi)以大阪為活動中心,由擔任(ren)制作(zuo)人的(de)(de)(de)(de)日本偶(ou)像女子(zi)團體。2010年創(chuang)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)繼SKE48之后(hou),第二個(ge)根據AKB48的(de)(de)(de)(de)概念而(er)創(chuang)立的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方性姊(zi)妹團體,主(zhu)要的(de)(de)(de)(de)幕后(hou)營運業者是(shi)以大阪為主(zhu)要根據地的(de)(de)(de)(de)娛樂經濟公司吉(ji)本興業之合資企業京(jing)樂吉(ji)本。NMB48的(de)(de)(de)(de)團體名稱源自(zi)位于大阪南區的(de)(de)(de)(de)鬧區難波(bo),大部分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)成員都出身(shen)自(zi)近(jin)畿與一帶的(de)縣分。
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